Digital energy consumption now rivals aviation. Discover the principles of Green Coding, from algorithmic efficiency to real-time profiling with tools like PowerAPI, and see how Big Tech is turning lean code into a competitive advantage.

Green Coding: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Software & AI

Why Inefficient Algorithms Are the New Carbon Emissions—and How Developers Can Use Energy-Aware Design to Build a More Sustainable Digital Future.

Green Code: The Hidden Climate Cost of Your Software

# Istanbul Blockchain Week 2026: Shaping the Future of Web3

This year, Istanbul Blockchain Week (IBW) brings together the smartest minds in tech to show what the future looks like.

IBW isn't just a regular conference. It’s a place where founders, investors, and developers meet to make deals and start new projects. Since the Turkish government supports tech innovation, it’s the best place to see the latest trends and grow your network.

### What to Expect?

Here is a quick look at the main parts of the event:

* ISTANBLOCK: This is the main summit. You’ll see global companies, hear great speakers, and meet the biggest names in Web3. It’s all about networking and seeing the future of blockchain firsthand.
* DEFAICON ISTANBUL: A special event focused on the mix of AI and Finance. If you want to know how AI "agents" are changing the world, this is for you.
* RWA BUILDERS SUMMIT: This is about "Real World Assets." Think about putting real estate or gold on the blockchain. It’s where major business deals happen.
* DEALFLOW DEN: A private space where startup founders meet big investors (VCs). It’s designed to help you find funding for your next big partnership.
* ISTANHACK: A huge competition for developers. People from 60+ communities come here to code and solve real-world problems in just a few days.
* BLOCKDOWN FESTIVAL: To finish the week, there’s a massive party at a famous music venue. Great DJs, live music, and a chance to relax after all the meetings.

### Why should you join?

Istanbul Blockchain Week is the best way to enter Europe’s fastest-growing tech market. Whether you want to invest, build a project, or just learn, you’ll find everything you need here. Don't miss your chance to be part of the future.

Visit [Istanbul Blockchain Week](https://istanbulblockchainweek.com/) for more information.

Join the smartest minds in tech at Istanbul Blockchain Week 2026. Explore key events like IstanBlock, DeFAICon, and IstanHack while networking with top VCs in the Dealflow Den. Don't miss the future of blockchain in the heart of Istanbul.

Istanbul Blockchain Week 2026: The Hub for Web3, AI, and RWA

From AI-Finance Convergence to Real-World Assets: Why IBW is the Ultimate Destination for Founders, Investors, and Developers in Europe's Fastest-Growing Tech Market.

Istanbul Blockchain Week 2026: Shaping the Future of Web3

## Google’s Dinosaur Data: Why a 2012 Study is the Hottest Management Trend of 2025

### The Project You've (Probably) Never Heard Of

You're a leader in 2025. You manage remote talent, you invest in AI tools, and your biggest threat is turnover. So, let me ask you: Do you know the single most important factor for team success?

If your answer involves "top talent," "high IQ," or "tight KPIs," you're managing like a dinosaur.

Back in 2012, when you were still posting vacation photos on Instagram, Google launched Project Aristotle. It was a massive, multi-year internal quest to find the perfect team formula. Analysts crunched data on 180 teams, comparing everything from individual skills and educational background to personality types.

### The Shocking Truth: Composition Doesn't Matter

Google's conclusion was a wrecking ball to traditional management: Who is on the team (composition) matters far less than how the team interacts (culture).

The only factor that consistently separated the brilliant teams from the merely average was a single cultural trait: Psychological Safety.

This is not some soft HR concept. Psychological Safety is the courage to take interpersonal risks – to ask a "stupid" question, to challenge a bad idea, or to admit a mistake without fear of being humiliated or punished by a manager or peer.

### Why 2012 Data is 2025’s Survival Guide

Today, in the age of Agentic AI and global remote work, Project Aristotle’s findings are no longer a suggestion – they are a survival manual.

1. The AI Trap: The only work left for humans is high-risk, disruptive innovation. AI (like Claude 4.5) handles the predictable code and content. If your team lacks psychological safety, they will never propose the idea that might fail but could change the company. Instead, they will operate the algorithm, producing safe, forgettable work.
2. The Remote Trust Deficit: In the physical office, non-verbal cues (body language, tone) act as glue. On a remote team, that glue is gone. Psychological Safety is the only mechanism that replaces physical trust. Without it, remote teams fracture into isolated, fearful units that communicate only via rigid, blame-avoiding protocols.

### Beyond Safety: The Other Four Pillars for a 2025 Superteam

Psychological Safety is the foundation, but Project Aristotle identified four more pillars that distinguish truly exceptional teams. Leaders must prioritize these to maximize quality and motivation:

1. Structure & Clarity: When AI automates many tasks, human roles blur. Leaders must clearly define the boundaries of responsibility between humans and the algorithms to prevent chaos and technical debt. Focus: Clarity over ambiguity.
2. Meaning of Work: Highly-skilled workers seek Purpose. The leader’s job is to continuously articulate how the task the writing code, the creative design, or the complex analysis directly impacts the customer or the company’s grand mission. This is the antidote to feeling like a "cog in the machine." Focus: Mission over metrics.
3. Dependability: Team members must trust that everyone performs their work reliably and on time. On remote teams, managers must create systems for progress transparency (not micro-management!) where success relies on keeping commitments. This shifts the focus from "hours logged" to accountability for results. Focus: Commitment over presence.
4. Impact of Work: Team members must believe their work matters. Leaders must close the feedback loop: regularly show the team how their work influenced the client, finances, or the industry. If people do not see the tangible impact of their efforts, their work quickly becomes a meaningless chore ripe for automation. Focus: Results over effort.

### The Leader’s Mandate: Stop Punishing Courage

The conclusion is brutal and clear: If your engineers, designers, or strategists spend energy managing their image – editing their Slack messages, waiting for others to speak first, or covering up small errors, you are wasting their most valuable resource on fear, not innovation.

Building a culture where people feel safe to fail is not benevolence. It is the single best strategy to build a high-quality, resilient, and innovative team in 2025.

Who is on your team matters less than how they interact. Revisit Google’s Project Aristotle to discover why Psychological Safety is the #1 factor for innovation in 2025’s remote and AI-driven landscape.

Project Aristotle in 2025: The Secret to High-Performing Teams

Beyond IQ and KPIs: Why Psychological Safety is the Only Survival Manual for Remote Teams and the Age of Agentic AI.

Google’s Dinosaur Data: Why a 2012 Study is the Hottest Management Trend of 2025

Both small businesses and large enterprises can reap the benefits of launching research and development centers (also known as R&D centers) located in offshore or nearshore zones. Thanks to these centers, companies have a chance to tap into a treasure trove of skilled tech talent to work on their software products and bring in innovations. To delve into the intricacies of launching an R&D center, we spoke with Dmytro Malashevskyi, Head of Business Development at nCube. In his role, Dmytro helps clients start R&D centers across such skilled tech hubs as Eastern Europe and LATAM. In the following interview, we address some important questions on this subject. *Let's begin!* 

## What makes R&D centers stand out among other outsourcing models? 

The main difference between outsourcing and a stand-alone R&D center lies in their respective models of cooperation. Unlike outsourcing, a**n R&D center serves as an extension of the client's parent company**. It operates as an autonomous branch under the client's brand with an independent infrastructure and dedicated employees who handle the tasks of the client's parent company. This assumes having a separate organizational structure, Chief Operating Officer (COO), management, HR and office managers, and other supporting teams. It comes with its own cookies and tea as well :)

<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/5r5J4JD9miis" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/cat-day-office-5r5J4JD9miis">via GIPHY</a></p>

## When does it make sense to launch an R&D center and why do companies do it? 

That's a great question, which has a fairly simple and understandable answer. The best time to create a research and development center is **when the need for further evaluation of the company arises**. At this point, companies get a chance to report and present their R&D centers as part of their assets, which elevates their overall value. That's the main reason why a company would prefer to launch a research and development center instead of going for outstaffing or outsourcing services. 

A good reason for a company to start an R&D center is **to benefit from instilling its own culture within its remote branch**. The matter is that R&D centers suit **long-term projects** as opposed to short-term ones of startups. With an R&D center, you will get an opportunity to **work with a stable team for as long as you need it**. Such an approach reduces the risks for the parent company. If anything goes awry at some point, for instance, a change of plans occurs, it'll be easier (and cheaper) for the client company to scale down an R&D center than disband their local team.

## Is it legal to run an R&D center in an offshore region? 

This one is tricky and falls under the "Everything which is not forbidden is allowed" category. As a matter of fact, it all depends on the goals and preferences of the parent company. My recommendation is **to choose countries that offer incentives for establishing IT companies**. 

For example, some countries boast reduced tax rates or even zero taxes policies up to 2 million Euros per year, for instance, Estonia. It's also crucial to define whether your R&D center will be a profit-generating entity. With that in mind, you should answer the following question: **Will your research and development center generate revenue for the parent company, or will it be a subsidiary that only handles software development tasks?** In the latter case, it is not as important where you establish the legal entity.

## What are the primary components and factors that influence the cost structure of an R&D center? 

Since an engineering research and development center is an intellectual and talent-dependent business, **the majority of expenses are related to Human Resources costs.** In fact, employees' salaries account for a lion's share of the expenses within an R&D center model.

Besides that, there are also additional costs in this model that are typically covered by the provider. Those include the costs of office space rent, one-time investments like office equipment, furniture, and appliances as well as expenses for establishing a legal entity, managing taxes, office maintenance and management, and HR support aimed at employee retention. It's also common to put down a deposit equivalent to two months' rent, along with an upfront payment for the office lease.

<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/2vq9I9HGKrpjaHNLVb" width="480" height="270" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/RJFilmSchool-crunchyroll-acd-anime-crimes-division-2vq9I9HGKrpjaHNLVb">via GIPHY</a></p>

## What is the average price of an R&D center and how is the price defined?

There's no universal answer as to how much it costs to open an R&D center. Above all, **it depends on the number of people and the size of the office**. For instance, in Ukraine, it’s now possible to rent an office space of 250 square meters for $3,500, which would be sufficient to comfortably accommodate 20-25 people, according to standard requirements. There's also the cost of establishing a legal entity, which is usually covered by the provider. On average, launching an R&D center of this scale requires an investment of approximately $50,000. This one-time investment should suffice to cover various expenses such as office rent and equipment, legal entity registration, and legal support, including the necessary deposits.  

## Which countries are most favorable for R&D centers?  

An ideal choice is a region with **the most reasonable cost-quality ratio when it comes to the talent** you will engage in your research and development center. Despite the risks involved, Eastern Europe remains one of the best options. Portugal is another noteworthy location for an R&D center. One of the reasons why clients consider launching R&D centers in Portugal is the abundance of engineers from Eastern Europe who have relocated there. Thanks to the policy of attracting IT talent through its digital nomad program, Portugal has now accumulated a lot of developers. 

Furthermore, despite the risks, we receive requests from companies willing to launch R&D centers in Ukraine, particularly in Kyiv. That's due to the large pool of candidates and the excellent infrastructure. Another popular location for an engineering research and development center in Ukraine is Lviv. This tech hub is close to the European Union, easily accessible, and boasts a large pool of IT talent as well. 

![](img/alex-kotliarskyi-qbpzgqemskg-unsplash.jpg)

## What steps should be taken to organize an R&D center for EU & USA companies?   

The easiest way to set up an R&D center is by hiring a provider to arrange the entire process for you. Regardless of the country where you plan to launch your R&D center, it's vital that you **hire a local director or manager** who is familiar with the local business landscape, understands local business practices and laws, and knows the ins and outs of local tax regulations. The provider will also assist you in finding the right kind of manager who will be in charge of your R&D center. 

The challenge with establishing an office in another country is that service providers like to overcharge, especially when it comes to rent. A local manager is a guarantee you'll receive the best services at a reasonable price. That I believe is the first step and an essential condition for a successful kickoff of your R&D center. 

The next step is to **build the core team** of your engineering research and development center. As your office expands to around 20 people, as your next step, it’s reasonable to **hire a dedicated HR professional**. Until this stage, the provider takes care of HR functions using their own resources.

## Is it possible to launch an R&D center without a provider?

It's possible, but company leaders should consider the risks I mentioned earlier. Chances are it'll be more expensive, and time-consuming, not to mention that you risk facing local legal issues, unfamiliar business environments, and other speed bumps. Thus, it may turn out to be a rather challenging journey for you.

## How to establish proper management and Agile development processes and culture in an R&D center? 

Above all, it's important to find the right managing director who will embody the values of the parent company and instill those values within the research and development center. 

When it comes to culture, it doesn't appear out of thin air. As a visionary, **the client defines the culture of communication and business processes.** Then, the managing director will communicate that vision to the newly formed R&D center. Additionally, the provider (given that they have a lot of experience in building research and development centers) will focus on hiring people who meet the demands of the client in terms of culture. For instance, the client may require individuals with advanced soft skills, open-mindedness, and agility. These requirements are documented in the hiring specifications, and the provider will hire people who best fit the client's vision of an ideal employee. That’s the best way to crystallize and spread the culture of the client company within an R&D center. 

Furthermore, **the HR team of the provider will shape the distinctive culture** of the client through team building, working with people, and establishing processes that reflect the culture of the parent company.

![](img/airfocus-d4d1wzavpk8-unsplash.jpg)

## What services regarding the R&D center are covered by the provider?  

Firstly, it's **sourcing the right kind of talent.** That's the primary function that companies entrust to providers of research and development centers. With that in mind, the provider should aim to hire employees who meet clients’ expectations in the best way possible. **The right people bring the right results.** 

Secondly, the provider takes care of **hiring contractors who will provide services to the R&D center**. This includes contracting workers who handle office maintenance, catering, water delivery, office repairs, equipment procurement, and more. 

The next responsibility that rests on the provider's shoulders is **people management**. The provider takes on all HR-related functions, such as employee retention services, legal and taxation support, payroll, accounting, sick leave and vacation management, organizing team building activities, facilitating employees' professional development, conducting one-to-one meetings with Human Resources managers, and so on. 

## How to evaluate a company considering that the R&D center is a separate entity and asset?

A legal entity such as an R&D center is typically a component of the provider's company. When the client company plans to enter the stock market and attract more investment, **it can buy out the entire R&D center, including the office, legal entity, and personnel after 1-2 years of collaboration**. It would then become a part of the parent company and a subject for evaluation. Alternatively, companies can mention an R&D center as their asset during negotiations with investors to secure better terms during investment rounds.



## To wrap up, what advice would you give to leaders who want to launch an R&D center?

I'd strongly recommend considering this decision carefully. It's important to clearly define reasons why you want to go with an R&D center. Frankly, hiring a team through an outstaffing model will be a more cost-effective option, as it eliminates the need for additional expenses such as office space rental, reduces administrative issues, and provides greater flexibility in terms of staff. Therefore, take into account the additional costs and organizational efforts associated with a research and development center. If your goal is to create a competitive organization in an offshore zone with more cost advantages than your local market can offer, then an R&D center is a reasonable choice.

Creating an R&D center also makes sense if you're a large startup aiming to attract funding and are looking for better evaluation. That way, you can showcase your R&D center as an additional asset to potential investors. 

Besides that, if you're focused on building a global employer brand, a separate office under your brand can become one of the "puzzle pieces" within your brand ecosystem or company/group of companies. On the other hand, if you have a short-term project or lack a clear purpose for establishing an R&D center, it's best to go with an outstaffing or outsourcing model, which can fully cover your software development needs.

<iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/xrjvidNlVleA8" width="480" height="314" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/up-first-xrjvidNlVleA8">via GIPHY</a></p>



## Key Outcomes 

1. R&D centers serve as an extension of the client's parent company, with independent infrastructure, dedicated employees, and a separate organizational structure.
2. Launching an R&D center boosts a company's value, making it a sensible move when the need for further evaluation of the company arises. It's suitable for long-term projects and instilling company culture within a remote branch.
3. Running an R&D center in an offshore region is legal, provided it aligns with the goals and preferences of the parent company. Countries that offer incentives for establishing IT companies are preferred locations.
4. The cost of an R&D center majorly depends on HR costs. Other significant expenses include office rent, equipment, legal entity establishment, tax management, office maintenance, and HR support.
5. Regions like Eastern Europe and Portugal offer a cost-quality balance in terms of talent for R&D centers. Ukraine, particularly Kyiv and Lviv, also has a large pool of IT talent.
6. Setting up an R&D center is simplified with the help of a provider. Hiring a local director or manager familiar with local business practices, laws, and tax regulations is key.
7. Although launching an R&D center without a provider is possible, it may be more expensive, time-consuming, and fraught with local legal issues and unfamiliar business environments.
8. To establish a proper management and Agile development culture, it's important to have a managing director who embodies the parent company's values. The provider helps in hiring people who best fit the client's vision of an ideal employee.
9. Providers of R&D centers handle talent sourcing, contractor hiring, people management, employee retention services, legal and taxation support, payroll, accounting, and HR-related functions.
10. An R&D center can be considered an asset of the parent company during investment rounds and can be bought out by the client company when it plans to go public.
11. Leaders contemplating launching an R&D center should consider the additional costs, organizational efforts, and their company's long-term goals. If the aim is to build a global employer brand, attract funding, or create a competitive organization in an offshore zone, then establishing an R&D center is a beneficial move.



![](img/dima-malashevskyi-photo.jpeg)



## **About the Contributor**

[Dima Malashevskyi](https://www.linkedin.com/in/malashevskyi/) is the Head of Development and Marketing at [NCube Ltd](https://ncube.com/). Over the course of his 10-year career, Dima has been instrumental in helping businesses that require qualified engineers to join their in-house teams and startups seeking a dependable technology partner to assume full responsibility for their product development.

His expertise encompasses various industries including IT business development, FMCG, and Pharmaceutical. He excels in project management and fostering customer business development.

Dima has also shared his insights in another insightful piece titled [The Role of Emotions in the Selling Process](https://thecymes.com/article/the-role-of-emotions-in-the-selling-process), which further highlights his depth of knowledge and understanding of business development.


Explore the journey of launching an R&D center, with insights from Dmytro Malashevskyi, Head of Business Development at nCube. Understand the unique benefits, costs, and legal considerations of establishing an R&D center in offshore or nearshore regions.

Launching an R&D Center: An Expert Addresses Key Questions

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